Ƙwayoyin Halittu da Inorganic

Wadatacce

• Misalan mahadi
• Misalan mahaɗan inorganic

The mahadi sunadarai abubuwa ne da suka ƙunshi biyu ko fiye abubuwa suna da alaƙa da juna, ta haka ne ke haifar da wani sabon abu daban. Bisa lafazin nau'in atom wanda ya ƙunshi waɗannan mahaɗan, zamu iya magana game da mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta da inorganic:

An suna kwayoyin halitta wadanda ke dauke da sinadarin carbon da hydrogen mafi yawa, a hade da hadewa da wasu abubuwa. Gabas nau'in mahadi da covalent bond (tsakanin atoms da ba ƙarfe ba) na wasu abubuwa kaɗan (daga biyu zuwa biyar) kuma suna da sarkakiya mai girma, akwai kusan mahadi miliyan 10 na irin wannan. Suna haifar da rayuwa kuma halittu masu rai suna ɓoye su.

The mahadi inorganic, a gefe guda, galibi ba sa ɗauke da ƙwayoyin carbon, ko kuma iskar hydrogen-carbon (irin na hydrocarbons), kuma za a iya haɗa atom ɗin su ta ionic bond (atomic metallic da non metallic atom) ko covalent. Shin abubuwa zai iya ƙunsar abubuwa da yawa daga kowane tushe akan teburin lokaci kuma suna masu kyau na lantarki.

Misalan mahadi

1. Methanol (CH₃OH). Da aka sani da itace ko barasa methyl, mafi sauƙin barasa akwai.
2. Propanone (C₃H₆KO). The sauran ƙarfi sauran ƙarfi acetone, flammable da m, tare da halayyar wari.
3. Acetylene (C₂H₂). Har ila yau ana kiranta ethyne, iskan gas ɗin alkyne ne mai sauƙi fiye da iska kuma mara launi, mai ƙonewa sosai.
4. Etyl ethanoate (CH₃-KU-C₂H₅). Hakanan ana kiranta ethyl acetate ko vinegar ether, ana amfani dashi azaman mai narkewa.
5. Formol (CH₂0). Anyi amfani dashi azaman mai kiyaye abubuwan halitta (samfura, gawawwaki), an kuma san shi da methanal ko formaldehyde.
6. Glycerin (C₃H₈KO₃). Glycerol ko propanetriol, samfurin matsakaici ne na samfurin fermentation sarrafa giya da narkewar abinci na lipids.
7. Glucose (C₆H₁₂KO₆). Babban mahimmancin makamashi a cikin rayayyun halittu shine sukari monosaccharide.
8. Ethanol (C₂H₆KO). Barasa na ethyl, wanda ke cikin abubuwan giya, sakamakon anaerobic fermentation na sugars tare da yisti.
9. Isopropanol (C₃H₈KO). Isopropyl barasa, isomer na propanol, ya zama acetone akan iskar shaka.
10. Acetylsalicylic acid (C₉H₈KO₄). Aspirin mai aiki: analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory.
11. Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂KO₁₁). Mafi na kowa daga cikin carbohydrates: sukari tebur.
12. Fructose (C₆H₁₂KO₆). Sugar 'ya'yan itace yana kula da alaƙar isomeric tare da glucose.
13. Cellulose (C₆H₁₀KO₅). Babban mahallin halittun shuka, yana aiki azaman tsari a bangon sel na shuka kuma azaman ajiyar makamashi.
14. Nitroglycerin (C₃H₅N₃KO₉). Babban abin fashewa, ana samun shi ta hanyar haɗa nitric acid, sulfuric acid da glycerin.
15. Lactic acid (C₃H₆KO₃). Ba makawa a cikin ayyukan kuzari na jikin mutum yayin fuskantar ƙarancin isashshen oxygen, samar da glucose ta hanyar lactic fermentation.
16. Benzocaine (C₉H₁₁A'a₂). Ana amfani da shi azaman maganin rigakafi na gida, kodayake amfani da shi a cikin jarirai yana da sakamako na biyu na babban guba.
17. Lidocaine (C₁₄H₂₂N₂KO). Wani maganin sa barci, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin likitan hakori kuma azaman antiarrhythmic.
18. Lactose (C₁₂H₂₂KO₁₁). An samo shi daga galactose da glucose, shine sukari wanda ke ba madarar dabba ƙarfin kuzarin ta.
19. Cocaine (C₁₇H₂₁A'a₄). Wani alkaloid mai ƙarfi wanda aka samo daga tsiron coca kuma aka haɗa shi don samar da haramtaccen magani na wannan sunan.
20. Ascorbic acid (C₆H₈KO₆). Hakanan an san shi da mahimmancin bitamin C na 'ya'yan itacen citrus.

Yana iya ba ku: Misalan Dandalin Organic

Misalan mahaɗan inorganic

1. Sodium Chloride (NaCl). Gishirin gama gari na abincinmu.
2. Hydrochloric acid (HCl). Daya daga cikin mafi iko acid An sani, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ciki ke ɓoye don narkar da abinci.
3. Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). Ruwa mai aiki da ruwa, mai jurewa oxidation, evaporation da ragewa, ana amfani dashi a masana'antar abin sha mai laushi.
4. Sulfuric acid (H₂SW₄). Ofaya daga cikin manyan lalatattun da aka sani, ana amfani da shi sosai a nau'ikan masana'antu daban -daban kuma ana samarwa da yawa a cikin duniya.
5. Potassium iodide (KI). Ana amfani da wannan gishirin sosai wajen ɗaukar hoto da jiyya.
6. Potassium dichromate (K₂Kr₂KO₇). Gishirin Orange, mai ƙonewa sosai, yana iya haifar da gobara lokacin da ake hulɗa da abubuwa na halitta.
7. Chloride na azurfa (AgCl). Ana amfani dashi da yawa a cikin sinadarin lantarki da dakunan gwaje -gwaje, saboda ƙarancin narkar da shi a cikin ruwa, yana da ƙarfi.
8. Ammoniya (NH₃). Hakanan ana kiranta azano ko gas ammonium, iskar gas ce mara launi wacce ke cike da sinadarin nitrogen tare da wari na musamman.
9. Magungunan sulfate (Cu₂SW₄). Gishirin da ba za a iya narkewa ba, wanda ake amfani da shi azaman mai kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da launin launi don saman ƙarfe.
10. Silicon oxide (SiO₂). Yawanci ana kiransa silica, yana samar da ma'adini da opal, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan yashi.
11. Iron sulfate (FeSO₄). Hakanan ana kiranta kore vitriol, melanterite ko koren caparrosa, gishiri ne mai launin shuɗi-kore wanda ake amfani dashi azaman mai canza launi kuma azaman magani ga wasu cututtukan jini.
12. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃). An daɗe ana amfani da shi azaman maganin kashe ƙwari kuma a masana'antar gilashi da siminti, abu ne mai yawan gaske a cikin yanayi, kamar duwatsu ko azaman ɓaure da exoskeletons na wasu dabbobi.
13. Lemun tsami (CaO). Yana da sinadarin calcium oxide a kowane irin sa, wanda ake amfani dashi sosai a cikin gaurayawar gini a matsayin mai ɗauri.
14. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Gabatarwa a cikin masu kashe gobara ko a yawancin kayan abinci da magunguna, yana da pH alkaline sosai.
15. Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Potassium soda, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen kera sabulun sabulu da sauran kaushi.
16. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Da ake kira caustic soda ko caustic soda, ana amfani dashi a cikin takarda, masana'anta da kayan wanki da magudanar masana'antu.
17. Ammonium nitrate (NH₄A'a₃). Mai ƙarfi taki na noma.
18. Cobalt Silicate (CoSiO₃). An yi amfani da shi wajen ƙera aladu (kamar shuɗin cobalt).
19. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄). Gishirin Epsom ko gishiri na Ingilishi, lokacin ƙara ruwa. Yana da amfani da magunguna da yawa, musamman muscular, ko azaman wanka.
20. Barium chloride (BaCl₂). Gishiri mai guba da ake amfani da shi a cikin aladu, jiyya na ƙarfe, da wasan wuta.