Mawallafi:
Peter Berry
Ranar Halitta:
20 Yuli 2021
Sabuntawa:
1 Yuli 2024
Wadatacce
The hanyoyin hana haihuwa Fasaha ne, fasahohi da magunguna masu iya guje wa hadi da fara yin ciki. An kuma san su da abubuwan hana haihuwa ko hana haihuwa. Sun kasance tare da mutum tun farkon zamani, amma a cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe kawai aka samar da su cikin aminci da inganci. Massaukaka da yarda da al'adu da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ayyuka wani muhimmin mataki ne a cikin tsarin iyali da tattaunawa ta buɗe akan haƙƙoƙin jima'i.
Dangane da yanayin su, ana iya rarrabe maganin hana haihuwa cikin nau'ikan iri:
- Na halitta. Ayyukan jima'i ko la'akari da ke hana ko hana ciki, ba tare da buƙatar abubuwan da aka ƙara a jiki ba.
- Shamaki. A zahiri suna hana saduwa tsakanin gabobin jima'i ko ruwan da ke haifar da hadi.
- Hormonal. Magungunan magunguna waɗanda ke shafar tsarin haihuwa na mace, suna haifar da rashin haihuwa na ɗan lokaci.
- Ciwon ciki. Gida a cikin farji, suna hana haɓakar hormonal na dogon lokaci.
- M. Hanyoyin likita, masu juyawa ko a'a, waɗanda ke haifar da rashin haihuwa a cikin maza ko mata.
Misalan hanyoyin hana haihuwa
- Cutar interruptus. A zahiri: katse ma'amala, hanya ce ta dabi'a kuma mai daɗewa wacce ta haɗa da cire azzakari daga farji kafin fitar maniyyi. Ba abin dogaro ba ne, tunda man shafawa na baya na azzakari yana faruwa ta hanyar abubuwan da ke iya hadi.
- Abstinence jima'i. Jimlar ko rabe -raben jima'i na son rai, galibi ana yin shi ne don dalilai na addini, ɗabi'a, motsin rai ko dalilan hana haihuwa. Ana la'akari da inganci 100% saboda babu shigar azzakari cikin farji.
- Hanyar rhythm. Haka kuma aka sani da hanyar kalanda ko hanyar Ogino-Knaus, na halitta ne amma ba abin dogaro bane gaba ɗaya, tunda ya ƙunshi iyakance saduwa da kwanakin rashin haihuwa kafin ko bayan ovulation. Yana da kashi 80%na aminci, amma yana da wahala a yi amfani da shi a cikin mata masu hawan haila.
- Hanyar zafin Basal. Ya ƙunshi ma'aunin azumi na zafin jiki (baki, dubura da farji) don rarrabe kwanakin haihuwa na mace, ta guji saduwa har sai raguwa a cikinta ya sanar da ƙarshen ɓarna. An ba shi lada tare da gazawar har ma da ƙasa da na kwaroron roba, amma yana buƙatar tsananin kula da yanayin haila.
- Lactational amenorrhea. A cikin watanni 6 na farko bayan haihuwa, akwai lokacin rashin haihuwa da rashin haila (amenorrhea) wanda za a iya amfani da shi azaman maganin hana haihuwa na halitta. Wannan hanya tana da tasiri muddin nonon ya ci gaba kuma ya yawaita.
- Mai kiyayewa. Proplalactic ko robar kwaroron hana haihuwa na hana haihuwa wanda ke kunshe da hannun riga mai rufi, wanda ke rufe azzakarin da ke tsaye kafin shiga ciki kuma ya ware ruwan. Hakanan yana da tasiri akan cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STDs) kuma yana da gazawar kashi 15%kawai, saboda yuwuwar karyewar kayan.
- Robar mata. Kamar namiji, ana sanya kwaroron roba na mace a cikin farji kuma a zahiri yana raba lamba tsakanin al'aura da ruwaye. Kawai abin dogaro ne kuma mai tasiri akan STDs kamar sigar maza.
- Diaphragm. Na’ura ce mai sassauƙa, mai sassauƙan nau'in diski wanda aka ɗora akan mahaifa don hana maniyyi samun damar kwan. Da yawa kuma suna ɗauke da abubuwan kashe maniyyi don ƙarin kariya. Yana buƙatar umarnin likita don amfani da shi, amma da zarar an sanya shi yana da gazawar kashi 6%kawai.
- Harsunan mahaifa. Mai kama da diaphragm: ƙananan kofuna na silicone da ke cikin farji, don hana isar da maniyyi zuwa mahaifa.
- Soso na hana haihuwa. Wannan m, soso na roba, wanda aka yi wa ciki da abubuwan kashe maniyyi, an gabatar da shi ga mahaifa, inda zai yi aiki a matsayin shamaki yayin saduwa. Zai buƙaci zama a can har zuwa aƙalla awanni 8 bayan fitar maniyyi, don yin cikakken tasiri.
- Na'urar intrauterine (IUD). Na'urorin da likitan mata ya ɗora musamman akan cervix kuma yana hana hadi, yawanci ta hanyar sakin hormone. IUD yana cikin jiki kuma ƙwararren likita ne kawai zai cire shi.
- Maganin hana haihuwa. An san shi kwali, ya ƙunshi ƙaramin sanda na ƙarfe wanda aka saka a ƙarƙashin fata na hannun mace, inda zai saki nauyin hormonal na hana haihuwa na tsawon shekaru 3 zuwa 5. Bayan wannan lokacin, dole ne a maye gurbinsa da ƙwararre; yana da ragin aminci 99% yayin da yake aiki.
- Patch na hana haihuwa. Ya ƙunshi facin transdermal wanda aka yi da kayan filastik da launi mai hankali (don sake kama kanta a kan fatar mace). A can yana ci gaba da sakin nauyinsa na hormonal a cikin jini, wanda zai ɗauki tsawon mako guda.
- Zoben farji. Wannan zobe na filastik mai sassauƙa, kawai 5cm. a cikin diamita, an saka shi cikin farji kuma a can yana fitar da ƙananan allurai na maganin hana haihuwa, wanda mucosa na farji ke sha. Kamar kwaya, ya kamata a yi amfani da ita wajen mayar da martani ga haila kuma a canza lokacin da jini ya fara.
- Kwayar maganin hana haihuwa. An san shi da "kwaya", kamanninsa sun canza duniyar jima'i a tsakiyar karni na ashirin. Yana da maganin hana haihuwa mai ɗauke da sinadarin hormone wanda dole ne a sha a cikin watan, tare da hutu don zubar jini na wucin gadi na 'yan kwanaki. Hanya ce mai matuƙar aminci, muddin shan sa akai.
- Kwayoyin gaggawa. “Kwayar safiya bayan safiya” ba ainihin maganin hana haihuwa bane, amma magani ne da nufin katse hadi na hoursan awanni na farko bayan saduwa (yawanci ranar farko). Tasirinta ya dogara da na ƙarshen. Yana da illoli masu yawa akan yanayin haila.
- Masu kashe maniyyi. Chemicals da aka shirya a cikin ƙwai na farji, waɗanda ke kashe maniyyi ko rage motsi, yana sa su zama marasa inganci. Ba su da tasiri sosai da kansu, amma galibi suna bin kwaroron roba da diaphragms.
- Allurar rigakafi. Inshorar kwararren likita, yana hana ɗaukar ciki na tsawon watanni uku ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyi na dogon lokaci.
- Vasectomy. Wannan shine sunan da ake ba ligation na tiyata na wasu bututu na gwaji, yana hana sakin maniyyi lokacin fitar maniyyi. Yana da tasiri, amma ba za a iya juyawa ba, hanyar hana haihuwa.
- Tubal ligation. Ita ce yankewa ko raɗaɗɗen bututun fallopian, don samar da rashin haihuwa. Wannan hanyar tiyata da ba za a iya jujjuyawa ba ana amfani da ita sosai a duniya, saboda tasirin sa mai ban mamaki.
