Don samar da kwayoyin halittar mahadi sunadarai, atom ɗin abubuwa ko abubuwa daban -daban dole ne su haɗu da juna cikin tsayayyen hanya, kuma wannan na iya faruwa ta hanyoyi daban -daban ta hanyar sifofin tsarin da kowane atom yake da shi, wanda, kamar yadda muka sani, yana ƙunshe da madaidaicin cajin da ke kewaye da girgijen electrons.
Ana cajin wutar lantarki mara kyau kuma suna kasancewa kusa da tsakiya saboda karfin electromagnetic yana jan hankalinsu. A kusa da electron yana kusa da tsakiya, mafi girman ƙarfin da ake buƙata don samun shi don saki.
Amma ba dukkan abubuwa iri ɗaya ba ne: wasu suna da halin rasa mafi ƙarancin electrons na gajimare (abubuwan da ke da ƙarancin ionization makamashi), yayin da wasu kuma kan kama su (abubuwan da ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi na lantarki). Wannan yana faruwa saboda bisa ga dokar octet Lewis, kwanciyar hankali yana da alaƙa da kasancewar electrons 8 a cikin ƙaramin harsashi ko kewaya, aƙalla a mafi yawan lokuta.
Sannan yaya za a iya samun asara ko riba na lantarki, ions na cajin cajin za a iya kafawa, kuma jan hankalin electrostatic tsakanin ions na cajin cajin yana sa waɗannan su shiga kuma su samar da sunadarai masu sauƙi, wanda ɗayan abubuwan ya ba wa electrons ɗayan kuma ya karɓe su. Domin wannan ya faru kuma a ionic bond ya zama dole cewa akwai banbanci ko delta na electronegativity tsakanin abubuwan da ke tattare da aƙalla 1.7.
The ionic bond galibi yana faruwa tsakanin mahaɗin ƙarfe da wanda ba ƙarfe ba: atom ɗin ƙarfe yana ba da electrons ɗaya ko fiye kuma saboda haka yana haifar da cajin ions (cations) mai kyau, kuma mara ƙima yana samun su kuma ya zama barbashi mara kyau (anion). Karfe na alkali da alkaline ƙasa sune abubuwan da ke haifar da cations mafi yawa, kuma halogens da oxygen galibi anions ne.
Gaba ɗaya, mahadi da aka kafa ta ionic bond su ne daskararru a zafin jiki na ɗaki da babban wurin narkewa, mai narkewa cikin ruwa. A cikin bayani suna da yawa madugun wutar lantarki mai kyaukamar yadda suke masu karfin lantarki. Ƙarfin lattice na daskararren ionic shine abin da ke nuna ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tsakanin ions na m.
Yana iya ba ku:
- Misalan Jarin Jaka
- Magnesium oxide (MgO)
- Copper sulphate (CuSO4)
- Potassium iodide (KI)
- Zinc hydroxide (Zn (OH) 2)
- Sodium chloride (NaCl)
- Azurfa nitrate (AgNO3)
- Lithium fluoride (LiF)
- Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3) 2)
- Calcium phosphate (Ca3 (PO4) 2)
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
- Disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4)
- Iron sulfide (Fe2S3)
- Potassium bromide (KBr)
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
- Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
- Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)
- Manganese chloride (MnCl2)
