Wadatacce
Thesinadaran abubuwa Abubuwa ne da ba za a iya rage su ko su narke cikin wasu abubuwa masu sauƙi ba. A saboda wannan dalili, ana iya cewa kashi ɗaya ne al'amari yi ta zarra na aji ɗaya kuma na musamman.
Ma'anar farko ta sinadarin sinadarai Lavoisier ya gabatar da shi a cikin Traité Élémentaire de Chimie, a cikin 1789. A baya a karni na 18, Lavoisier ya raba abubuwa masu sauƙi cikin ƙungiyoyi huɗu:
- Abubuwa na jiki;
- Abubuwan da ba za su iya ƙaruwa da abubuwa masu guba ba;
- Abubuwan ƙarfe masu ƙoshin ruwa da acidifiable, kuma ...
- Salidifiable duniya abubuwa.
Teburin lokaci na abubuwa
Yau An san abubuwan sunadarai 119, waɗanda aka raba su cikin jimlar ƙungiyoyi 18 da lokutan 7. Duk waɗannan abubuwan an haɗa su a cikin wani tsari na hoto wanda aka sani da Teburin Zamani na Abubuwa, wanda asalinsa masanin kimiyyar Rasha Dimitri Mendeleyev ya ƙirƙira a 1869.
The manyan kungiyoyi wanda za a iya samu a cikin wannan tebur shine ƙarfe alkali, ƙarfe na alkaline ƙasa, ƙarfe na juyawa (wanda shine rukuni mafi girma), ƙarfe bayan canji, ƙarfe, ƙarfe babu karafa (abubuwa masu mahimmanci na rayuwa suna nan, kamar oxygen da nitrogen), halogens, Gas mai daraja, kuma a ƙarshe, akwai ƙungiyoyin abubuwa guda biyu na musamman, lanthanides da actinides, waɗanda galibi ana kiransu ƙasa mai ƙima (kodayake wasu suna da yawa).
Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan suna da isotopes na rediyo. Abubuwan sunadarai suna da kaddarorin halaye kamar ma'anar tafasa kuma na haɗuwa, electronegativity, yawa radius na ionic, da sauransu. Waɗannan halayen suna da mahimmanci saboda suna ba da damar hasashen halayensa, sake kunnawa, da sauransu.
Siffofi da bayanai
Kowane sinadarin sinadaran yana bayyana da abubuwa da yawa. Da farko, nasa alama ta duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi haruffa ɗaya ko biyu (ta hanyar babban taro, idan akwai haruffa biyu, na farko an rubuta shi cikin manyan haruffa kuma na gaba a ƙaramin harafi).
Sama da hagu yana bayyana cikin ƙaramin rubutun sulambar atomic, wanda shine ke nuna adadin proton da wannan sinadarin ke da shi. Sai kuma cikakken sunan kashi kuma a ƙasa da wannan lamba mai nuna alamar atomic mass a gram kowane mole.
Abubuwa daban -daban suna da juzu'in atomic mai canzawa, kuma yayin da adadin protons a cikin tsakiya ke ƙaruwa, mafi girman jan hankalin da yake samu akan electrons, don haka ƙarar tana son ragewa. Lokacin da ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarami ne, electrons ɗin da ke saman matsanancin girgije suna jan hankalin tsakiya, don haka ba sa fid da rai cikin sauƙi. Akasin haka yana faruwa tare da abubuwa masu girman atomic mai yawa: suna barin wutar lantarki ta waje cikin sauƙi.
Misalan abubuwan sunadarai
Sinadarin sinadarai | Alama |
Actinium | Ac |
Aluminum | Zuwa ga |
Americium | A.M |
Antimony | Sb |
Argon | Ar |
Arsenic | Ace |
Astat | A |
Sulfur | S |
Barium | Ba |
Beryllium | Kasance |
Berkelium | Bk |
Bismuth | Bi |
Bohrio | Bh |
Boron | B |
Bromine | Br |
Cadmium | CD |
Calcium | AC |
Kalifoniya | Cf |
Carbon | C |
Cerium | EC |
Cesium | Cs |
Chlorine | Cl |
Cobalt | Co |
Copper | Ku |
Chrome | Kr |
Curium | Cm |
Darmstadio | Ds |
Dysprosium | Dy |
Dubnium | Db |
Einsteinium | Yana da |
Erbium | Er |
Scandium | Sc |
Tin | Sn |
Strontium | Malam |
Europium | Eu |
Fermium | Fm |
Fluorine | F |
Daidaita | P |
Francius | Fr |
Gadolinium | Gd |
Gallium | Ga |
Germanium | Ge |
Hafnium | Hf |
Hasiya | Hs |
Helium | Ina da |
Hydrogen | H |
Iron | Bangaskiya |
Holmium | Ho |
Bahaushe | Cikin |
Iodine | I |
Iridium | Don tafiya |
Ytterbium | Yb |
Yttrium | DA |
Krypton | Kr |
Lanthanum | The |
Lawrencio | Lr |
Lithium | Li |
Lutetium | Mon |
Magnesium | Mg |
Manganese | Mn |
Meitnerius | Mt |
Mendelevium | Md |
Mercury | Hg |
Molybdenum | Mo |
Neodymium | Na |
Neon | Ne |
Neptunium | Np |
Niobium | Nb |
Nickel | Haka kuma |
Nitrogen | N |
Nobelio | A'a |
Zinariya | Au |
Osmium | Kai |
Oxygen | KO |
Palladium | P.S |
Azurfa | Ag |
Platinum | Pt |
Jagora | Pb |
Plutonium | Pu |
Polonium | Po |
Potassium | K |
Praseodymium | Pr |
Prometius | P.m |
Protactinium | Pa |
Rediyo | Ra |
Radon | Rn |
Rhenium | Re |
Rhodium | Rh |
Rubidium | Rb |
Ruthenium | Ru |
Rutherfordio | Rf |
Samarium | Ee |
Seaborgio | Sg |
Selenium | na sani |
Silica | Na'am |
Sodium | Na |
Thallium | Tl |
Tantalum | Ta |
Technetium | Tc |
Tellurium | Tea |
Terbium | Tb |
Titanium | Kai |
Thorium | Th |
Thulium | Tm |
Ununbio | Uub |
Ununhex | Uuh |
Ununio | Yau |
Ununoctium | Ku |
Ununpentium | Uup |
Ununquadio | Uuq |
Ununseptio | Uus |
Ununtrium | Uut |
Uranium | KO |
Vanadium | V |
Tungsten | W |
Xenon da | Xe |
Zinc | Zn |
Zirconium | Zr |
Yana iya ba ku:
- Misalan Rukunin Kamfanoni
- Misalan Ayyukan Chemical
- Misalai na Abubuwan Halittu
- Misalan Karfe da Ƙarfe