Wadatacce
The kwayoyin cuta rayayyun halittu ne unicellular kuma suna kwayoyin prokaryotic. Wannan yana nufin cewa kayan halittar sa, kwayoyin halittar DNA madauwari madaidaiciya, yana da 'yanci a cikin cytoplasm, ba a haɗa shi a cikin tsakiya ba.
Tun lokacin da aka samo microfossils da stromatolites (burbushin halittun ƙwayoyin cuta da aka haɗe da ma'adanai) a cikin ɓoyayyiyar yanayi daban -daban na zamani, har ma a cikin duwatsun ƙasan da suka girmi Shekaru biliyan 3.5, ana iƙirarin cewa ƙwayoyin cuta sun wanzu tun zamanin da.
Ta yadda har suka kasance sun daɗe a tarihin Duniya wanda babu wasu nau'ikan rayuwa a ciki. A zahiri, ƙwayoyin cuta sun gabatar da muhimman abubuwan juyin halitta.
- Duba kuma:Kwayoyin cuta (ilmin halitta)
Ire -iren kwayoyin cuta
Yawanci an rarrabe shi a yau zuwa manyan rukunoni biyu:
- Kwayoyin cuta: suna wakilta rinjaye a muhallin halitta a yau, tare da kasancewar matakan daban -daban na oxygen da bambance -bambancen metabolism.
- Archaea: juyin halitta yana wakiltar a category na baya, tare da tsarin rayuwa na musamman wanda ya dace da matsanancin yanayin muhalli, kamar rashin isashshen oxygen (tuna cewa, bisa ga tsauraran karatu, babu iskar oxygen a duniyar har sai kayan lambu, manyan masu sassaucin oxygen, sun bayyana), ko saline sosai ko yanayin acidic sosai da high yanayin zafi.
Mai girma nasarar juyin halitta na kwayoyin cuta an danganta su da mamakin su versatility na rayuwa. Ana iya bayyana cewa duk hanyoyin da ake iya samun kwayoyin halitta da kuzari sun wanzu a rarraba a cikin azuzuwan ƙwayoyin cuta daban -daban.
- Duba kuma: Misalan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta
Misalan kwayoyin cuta
| Escherichia coli | Bacillus thuringiensis |
| Bacillus subtilis | Clostridium botulinum |
| Mycobacterium tarin fuka | Clostridium tetani |
| Nitrobacter winogradsky | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Thiobacillus ferooxidans | Falvobacterium ruwa |
| Rodospirillum rubrum | Azotobacter chroococcum |
| Chloroflexus aurantiacus | Neisseria gonorrhaea |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Haemophilus mura |
| Serratia marcescens | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| Salmonella typhi | Staphylococcus aureus |
Muhimmancin
The kwayoyin cuta Suna da mahimmancin gaske a cikin yanayi, tunda suna nan a cikin hanyoyin halitta na mahimman abubuwan rayuwa: nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, da sauransu.
Mai canza kwayoyin zuwa abubuwan inorganic kuma akasin haka. Yayinda yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da cuta kuma suna haifar da cuta a cikin tsirrai da dabbobi (gami da mutane).
Ana amfani da wasu da yawa a fannoni daban -daban hanyoyin masana'antu, kamar yadda sarrafa abinci da abin sha mashayi kwayoyi, daga maganin rigakafi, da dai sauransu
Halaye
The kwayoyin cuta Ba su da ƙima kuma a bayan murfin da ke rufe cytoplasm ɗin su akwai tsarin da ake kira bangon sel. Ƙari ga waje har yanzu, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta suna yin tsarin jelly-like wanda ake kira capsule.
Kwayoyin cuta suna haifuwa ta hanyar fission na binary kuma cikin sauri, don haka suna da yawa. Dangane da haɓaka metabolism daban -daban, suna iya bunƙasa a cikin mahalli da yawa kamar:
- Ruwan dadi da gishiri
- Organic abu
- Kasa
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da hatsi
- Tsire -tsire
- Dabbobi, na ciki da na saman su
Kwayoyin cuta da yawa suna haɗuwa yin nau'i -nau'i, sarƙoƙi ko fakitoci; galibi suna wayar salula; flagellum (nau'in da ke da dogayen shafuka) shine tsarin da galibi ke ba da gudummawa ga motsi, amma ba shi kaɗai ba. Saitin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin al'ada ana kiransa mallaka.
Bi da:
- Misalan Gram Positive da Gram Negative Bacteria
- Misalan Halittun Unicellular
- Misalan Halittun Prokaryotic da Eukaryotic
