Matsayin fasaha

Wadatacce

• Misalan ma'aunin fasaha

Thematsayin fasaha jerin takardu ne da wata hukuma mai izini ta bayar a cikin takamaiman al'amari, don tsarawa ko sanyawa tabarau ƙwararre kan haɓakawa da aikace -aikacen fasaha, haɓaka samfur ko wadatar sabis masu dacewa.

Ka'idodin fasaha suna aiki a cikin al'umma azaman jagororin daidaitawa, wanda ke daidaita matakai da kare muradun al'umma, bisa ɗabi'a, inganci, inganci ko dalilai na aminci. Aikinsa na ƙarshe zai kasance, bisa ƙa'ida, daidaituwa (sauƙaƙewa, haɗa kai, ƙayyadewa) na hanyoyin don sahihiyar kulawa da haɓaka ɗabi'a.

Yawancin lokaci dokoki Suna iya samun ikon yin aiki na ƙasa ko na ƙasa, gwargwadon girman ƙungiyar da ta ba da sanarwar ko yarjejeniya kan abin da ya faru tsakanin ƙasashe. A wannan ma'anar su ne dokokin hukuma, wato hukuma ta bayar.

Lokacin, akasin haka, ƙa'idodi suna fitowa daga rata ta al'ada, al'ada da larura, ana la'akari da su dokokin da ba na hukuma ba. Hakanan waɗannan na iya zama masu inganci, muddin ba su yi karo da ra'ayoyin ƙa'idodin hukuma ba.

Babban wadannan kungiyoyi a matakin kasa da kasa shine ISO (Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya).

Duba kuma: Misalan Ka'idodin Ingantattu

Misalan ma'aunin fasaha

1. ISO 9000. Sanarwa daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya (ISO) kamar waɗanda suka gabata, jerin jigogi ne don gudanar da ingantaccen ma'auni a cikin ƙira, samarwa, shigarwa, sabis, dubawa, gwaji da gudanar da matakai daban -daban na masana'antu, waɗanda manufarsu ita ce daidaitawa da haɗa kai. mizani don amincewa da sunanka kawai waɗanda suka cika buƙatun da aka ƙayyade.
2. ISO 1000. A yunƙurin ƙayyade Tsarin Rukuni na Ƙasashen Duniya, wannan ma'aunin ISO yayi bayanin nomenclature da aka ba da shawara don raka'a, ƙarin raka'a, da raka'a da aka samo, yana daidaita amfani da prefixes, alamomi, da lambobi don mafi girman fahimtar ɗan adam.
3. ISBN (Lambar Littafin Daidaitaccen Ƙasa). Short for International Standard Book Number, shine mai ganowa na musamman ga littattafan da aka buga a ko'ina cikin duniya kuma an yi niyya don amfanin kasuwanci. Asalinsa ya fara ne a 1966 a Burtaniya, lokacin da masu kula da tashoshin W. H. Smith suka yi amfani da shi don ganowa da sanya samfuran su, kuma daga shekarar 1970 aka karbe shi a matsayin ma'aunin bugawa na duniya.
4. ISSN (Lambar Serial International Standard Standard). Kamar ISBN, Lambar Ƙididdigar Ƙasa ta Ƙasa ce don daidaitattun lokaci, kamar littattafan shekara, mujallu, da jaridu. Wannan ƙa'idar tana ba da damar daidaita keɓancewa da guje wa kurakurai a cikin rubutun lakabi ko fassarar, wanda ke da matuƙar taimako ga kundin tarihin littattafai da jaridu.
5. MPEG2 (Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Masu Hoto). Wannan shine sunan da aka bayar ga wasu ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idoji don rikodin sauti da bidiyo wanda Kungiyar Kwararru akan Hotunan Motsawa (MPEG) ta buga, wanda aka buga a ma'aunin ISO 13818. Ana amfani da hanyoyin fasaha na wannan ƙa'idar don Digital Terrestrial. Talabijin, ta tauraron dan adam ko kebul, haka nan akan faifan SVCD da DVD.
6. Matsayin wayar hannu 3GPP. Waɗannan su ne jerin ƙa'idodin hanyoyin sadarwa waɗanda kamfanin Shirin Haɗin gwiwa na ƙarni na uku (Project Generation Association Project), wanda tsarinsa na farko shine don haɓaka tsarin sadarwa na ƙarni na uku (3G) na wayoyin hannu, dangane da abin da GSM na baya ya samu kuma a cikin tsarin ITU (Ƙungiyar Sadarwar Ƙasa ta Duniya). A yau waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna rufe wasu nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa kamar rediyo da cibiyoyin sadarwa, saboda girman girma da mahimmancin su.
7. ISO 22000. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman ƙa'idodin daidaiton ISO, wanda aka sadaukar don kulawa da ƙa'idar abinci, koyaushe yana la'akari da amincin masu amfani da yawan jama'a a cikin samarwa, sarrafawa da rarraba kayan abinci na mabukaci. Ya ƙunshi duk taka tsantsan da abubuwan da ake buƙata don yin la’akari da su don tabbatar da samfur ta ISO, wanda ke ba da tabbacin ƙarfin sa.
8. Hakkin mallaka. A farkonsa, da Hakkin mallaka Gwamnatin Amurka ce ta ƙirƙiro shi, ba komai bane illa ƙa'idar kariya ta taswira, sigogi da littattafan da suka hana haifuwarsu ba tare da izinin marubucin ba. Amma daga shekarun 50s ya bazu a cikin duniya kuma ya zama mafi sanannun kuma mafi daidaitattun ƙa'idodin haƙƙin mallaka, yana kare cikakken ikon marubuci (da magadansa) akan halittar sa har zuwa wani lokaci bayan mutuwa (an kayyade mafi ƙarancin lokacin shekaru 50) .
9. Lasisi na gama -gari na Creative Commons. Daga asalin Amurka, wannan tsarin dokokin doka yana bin ƙa'idar da ba ta 'yan jari hujja na ayyukan kirkire-kirkire da ilimi ba, yana tabbatar da yaɗuwar su kyauta gwargwadon jagororin da marubucin ya kafa, wanda ya haɗa da' yancin yin shawarwari da zagayawa, wani lokacin har ma da gyara, amma ba don sayarwa ko cinikin kasuwanci.
10. Daidaitaccen Fasaha na Colombia NTC 4595-4596. A bayyane yake a cikin gida, wannan doka ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Kolombiya ta ba da sanarwar tsarawa da tsara sarari na sabbin gine-ginen ilimi, tabbatar da jin daɗin jama'ar makarantar da mahimman ƙimar ƙasa yayin gina makaranta ko kwaleji. da zamanantar da wanda ake da shi.
11. Tsarin Fasaha na Mutanen Espanya NTP 211. Wannan ƙa'idar, kuma ta aikin ƙasa, tana daidaita al'amura game da hasken wuraren aiki a Spain, tare da yin la’akari da yawan aiki, ta'aziyya da aminci na jeri daban -daban na yiwuwar ma'aikata da ma'aikata.
12. Daidaitaccen Fasaha don Gidajen Yankuna. Dokar Cibiyar Ƙididdiga ta Ƙasa da Geography na Jihar Meziko wanda ke kafa ƙayyadaddun bayanai daban-daban don sarrafa bayanan ƙasa da haɗawa cikin samarwa da aiwatar da yanke shawara. Ƙoƙari ne na daidaita daidaiton sadarwa akan lamarin a duk faɗin ƙasar.
13. NTC COPEL. Matsayin fasaha na Brazil wanda ke ƙayyade buƙatun game da kayan don cibiyoyin sadarwar rarraba wutar lantarki, kayan aiki, haɗuwa na hanyoyin rarraba ko aikin kulawa akan cibiyoyin sadarwa da ake amfani da su. COPEL, kamfanin majagaba ne a Brazil a cikin aikin wutar lantarki kuma shine ɗayan manyan masu rarraba makamashi a Paraná.
14. Matsayin NTVO na Argentine. Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Kasa (CRMT) a Argentina tana kiyaye jerin dokoki game da hanyoyi da ayyukan layin dogo da sarrafawa, tun daga ƙungiya ta ƙasa da kiyaye hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa zuwa ƙa'idodin dubawa na ayyukan.
15. Ka'idodin Fasaha da Ingancin Codex Alimentarius na Ƙungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya(WTO). Kamar yadda sunan ta ke kafawa, wannan lambar abinci tana ƙoƙarin daidaitawa gwargwadon matakan tsabtace jiki da matakan kiwon lafiya wanda ke haifar da daidaiton amincin abinci. Tsari ne na ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya galibi ana kiranta "Codex" wanda ke tafiya tare da ƙungiyoyin abinci da aikin gona na duniya.