Wadatacce
Thewatsawa da osmosis abubuwan mamaki ne da ake rarraba su kwayoyin na wani jiki a cikin wani jikin da ke hulɗa da wancan na farko ko kuma ya rabu, amma ta membrane na tsakiya. Waɗannan damar biyu su ne ainihin abin da ke buɗe rarrabuwa tsakanin hanyoyin biyu.
Menene watsa labarai?
Yana da watsawa hadawa da kwayoyin ke faruwa, sakamakon wani motsi da ke tafiyar da su Makamashi. Gawarwakin suna tuntuɓe sannan ana rarraba ƙwayoyin, a cikin wani sabon abu da bayanin ka'idar kinetic of matter.
Wannan motsi yana faruwa a kowace jaha, amma ana lura dashi cikin sauƙi ruwa. Halin motsi yana zuwa ga samuwar cakuda iri ɗaya na nau'ikan ƙwayoyin guda biyu.
Masanin kimiyya Adolf fick An kafa shi a cikin 1855 wasu dokoki waɗanda ke ɗauke da sunansa, kuma suna bayyana lokuta daban -daban na yaduwar kwayoyin halitta a cikin matsakaici wanda da farko babu daidaituwa. Waɗannan dokokin suna danganta yawan juzu'in ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa banbancin maida hankali tsakanin kafofin watsa labaru guda biyu da membrane ya rarrabu da su, daidaiton rarraba su da ƙimar membrane.
Bayan haka, za a misalta wasu lokuta na yaɗuwar sel.
Misalan watsawa
- Hanyar iskar oxygen a cikin alveoli na huhu.
- Ƙwayoyin jijiya, waɗanda suka haɗa da ions sodium da potassium ta cikin membrane na axons.
- Idan an ɗauki ma'aunin diffuser wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarfe biyu da aka kawo cikin hulɗa ta fuskokinsu, kuma aka kawo zafin jiki a ƙasa da wurin narkewa, za a tabbatar cewa abun ya canza: ƙwayoyin nickel sun narke zuwa jan ƙarfe.
- Canjin zafi da canza launi na kofi na kofi lokacin da aka ƙara madaidaicin madara mai sanyi.
- Shigowar glucose zuwa sel jini, yana fitowa daga hanji.
- A cikin bakin ruwa, akwai ƙarancin watsa ruwa na kogi wanda ke gudana akan ruwan teku.
- Idan kun sanya tablespoon na sukari a cikin gilashin ruwa, ƙwayoyin sucrose suna yaɗuwa ta cikin ruwa.
- Ana iya ganin yaduwar iskar gas lokacin da mai ƙanshi ya shiga wurin da aka rufe, kuma nan da nan kowa ya ji ƙanshin. Hakanan yana faruwa lokacin da wani yayi sigari a cikin gida.
Menene osmosis?
Babban sifa na Semi-permeable membrane wanda ke haifar da aiwatar da osmosis shine cewa yana ba da izinin wucewar sauran ƙarfi, amma ba solute ba: yana ƙunshe da ramuka na girman kwayoyin da ke sanya waɗannan halaye.
Ta wannan hanyar, ana lura da hakan da sauran ƙarfi yana wucewa ta cikin membrane a cikin hanyar maganin wanda hankalinsa ya fi girma, wanda ke ƙare samar da cewa adadin kuzari yana ƙaruwa a cikin ɓangaren da aka fi mai da hankali kuma yana raguwa a cikin ɓangaren da ba a mai da hankali ba. Wannan tsari ne wanda ake maimaitawa har sai matsin lamba na hydrostatic ya daidaita yanayin.
Saboda yana da mahimmanci?
Solubility na solute a cikin sauran ƙarfi da yanayin murfin da za a yi amfani da su sune mahimman abubuwan da ke ƙayyade tasirin tsarin osmotic: abin da ake kira 'solubility' an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar haɗin sunadarai waɗanda kowane sashi a cikin maganin ke gabatarwa. .
Tsarin osmotic yana da mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin nazarin halittu inda ruwa yake da ƙarfi, musamman a cikin waɗancan hanyoyin da nufin kiyaye ruwa da ma'aunin electrolyte a cikin rayayyun halittu, daidaita matakan ruwa a cikin tantanin halitta ko cikin jiki gaba ɗaya: ba tare da wannan tsari ba, ba za a iya samun ƙa'idar ruwa da sha na gina jiki ba.
Misalan tsarin osmosis
- Abubuwa masu rai guda ɗaya waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin ruwa mai tsabta suna shiga ruwa mai yawa ta hanyar osmosis.
- Ruwan ruwa ta tushen da ke cikin tsirran tsirrai, wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka, yana faruwa ta hanyar sabon abu.
- Samun ruwa daga sel na epithelial ta babban hanji shine irin wannan tsari.
- Gwajin osmosis na gama gari ya ƙunshi raba dankalin turawa, sanya ɗan sukari tare da ruwa a gefe ɗaya, da faranti da ruwa a ɗayan. Dankalin turawa yana aiki azaman membrane, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci za a ga cewa maganin da ke da sukari yanzu yana da ƙarin ruwa.
- Harshen hormone ADH wanda ke ba da damar sake dawo da ruwa ta hanyar tara bututu a cikin kodan.
- Cire fitsari mai narkewa wanda kifin yake fitar da mafi yawan ruwa tare da mafi ƙarancin asarar gishiri.
- Ana kawar da ruwa ta hanyar gumi a cikin mutane ta hanyar osmosis.
- Matattara don tsarkake aikin ruwa tare da osmosis, tunda an yi su da kayan da ke ba da izinin wucewar ruwa, amma ba manyan kwayoyin ba.
