Wadatacce
Tambayar darajar yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan muhawara a cikin tattaunawar tattalin arziƙi, har zuwa lokacin da ɗimbin ɗalibai na batun suka fara binciken su suna mamakin menene dalilin da yasa mutane suka yanke shawarar yin aiki, da musanya kayan aikin su na aiki da wasu kaya. Duk tattaunawa game da ka'idar ƙima tana kawo jerin takaddama waɗanda ke zuwa kashin tattalin arziƙi, kuma galibi suna da gefuna masu alaƙa da falsafa.
Tattalin Arziki na gargajiya
Ka'idar tattalin arziƙi, bisa Adamu smith a ƙarshen karni na sha takwas ya ɗauka cewa aiki shine ainihin ma'aunin ma'auni wanda ke ƙididdige ƙimar. Akwai canje -canje na ƙima a cikin kayayyaki, amma a bayansu koyaushe akwai aikin da aka saka a ciki don canjin su, wanda shine tabbataccen tsarin ƙima.
Bayan wani lokaci, David Ricardo ya ɗauki ka’idar Smith kuma ya cika ta, la’akari da cewa akwai nau'ikan kayayyaki iri biyu, waɗanda za a iya haifarwa da waɗanda ba su ba: na farko zai dogara ne kan aikin da aka ajiye a cikin fahimtar su, yayin da na biyu zai dogara ne akan da kasawa.
Duk masanan tattalin arziki, duk da haka, bambanta tsakanin ƙima kamar amfani da amfani da kayayyaki dangane da ƙima don musanyawa: Duk da haka, kafa ƙima a cikin aikin da aka ajiye a cikin fahimtar samfuran yana watsa waɗannan wahayi biyu tsakanin su.
Madadin Yanzu: Austrian da Markisanci
Mafi yawan halin yanzu na ilimin tattalin arziƙi wanda ya duƙufa ga ƙwaƙƙwaran nazarin ƙima shine makarantar Australiya, wanda ke la'akari da ƙimar da masu amfani ke ba wa samfurin yana da alaƙa da bukatu, waɗanda suke a matakin farko mutum ɗaya da na musamman. Suna la'akari da cewa ƙimar ba za a iya samarwa ba kuma ba za a iya samar da ita ba: samarwa kawai tana haifar da kayayyaki waɗanda ke da ƙima daga la'akari da masu amfani suke yi da su.
The Ka'idar Markisanci, ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci na ƙarni na goma sha tara, yana da la'akari na musamman ra'ayi na ƙima. Shin haka ne hangen nesa biyu wanda ke da ƙarfin hali A cikin wannan ka'idar, ita ce biyan buƙatu, yayin da yake cikin tarin kayayyaki, gungun jimlar abin da ɗan adam ke samarwa wanda bai yi daidai da juna ba kuma hakan ya zama haka daga mallakar wani abu gama gari, wanda shine aikin ɗan adam ya kulle a cikin samar da duk kayayyaki, musamman aikin ɗan adam na ɗan adam, tunda ba shi da alaƙa da samfur ɗin da ake buƙata a cikin jama'a. Manufar kasancewar aiki a cikin dukkan kayayyaki yana da mahimmanci ga ƙarshen Marx na ƙarshe, da ka'idar ragi.
Duba kuma: Misalan Kasashen Gurguzu A Yau
Don haka, wahayin ƙimar da aka bayar a cikin tarihi sun bambanta.
Yi la'akari da bambanci tsakanin ƙimar amfani da ƙimar musayar ya kawo wasu fassarorin tattalin arziki, saboda haka za a bincika misalai masu ƙima, tare da fayyace yadda za a fassara shi a wasu lokuta.
- Ma'aikacin da zai iya yin agogo huɗu a rana, yana da ma'aikatansa a amfanin amfani agogo hudu a kowace rana.
- The darajar musayar na samfuran da za a iya haifarwa, don Marxism, an canza su a cikin lokacin aiki na yau da kullun wanda ya zama dole don tabbatarwa.
- The darajar musayar na sutura yana canzawa a cikin shekara kuma dangane da salo, kodayake aikin da aka saka a ciki iri ɗaya ne na dindindin.
- An jera kayan aikin gona a kasuwan duniya tare da farashi guda a can, don haka suna da darajar musayar sharuddan duniya.
- The amfanin amfani Dole ne a yi tunanin samfuran musamman, gwargwadon tsawon lokacin da yake da shi zai yiwu lokaci ne wanda mabukaci bai sayi wani ba.
- The amfanin amfani na inji shine ikon samarwa ba tare da gajiya ba.
- The amfanin amfani na kwamfuta zai zama daban ga yaro, fiye da mai haɓaka software.
- Darajar hannayen jarin da lamunin lamuni yana canzawa a kasuwa, yana maimaitawa har ya kai ga ƙarshe darajar musayar.
- The amfanin amfani na kayan lambu na iya zama cinyewa, ko amfani da shi a cikin bayanin wani abinci.
- Kayayyaki kamar zane -zane suna tantance ƙimarsu dangane da fa'idar da ƙwararrun masana suka yi, kasancewarsu darajar musayar daban dangane da mai lura.
