Wadatacce
The coevolution Yana faruwa a waɗancan yanayi wanda juzu'i biyu ko fiye ke shafar juyin halitta, wato, suna tafiya ta juyin halitta tare.
Ra'ayin yana da alaƙa gaba ɗaya dogaro da ke tsakanin jinsuna gwargwadon yadda, a kowane hali, akwai buƙatar samun matsakaici wanda wani nau'in ke samarwa ko canzawa.
Yana iya ba ku:
- Misalan Symbiosis
- Misalan Daidaitawa a Abubuwan Rayuwa
- Misalan Zaɓin Halitta
- Misalan Zaɓin Artificial
The ka'idar coevolution masanin ilimin halittu Paul Ehrlich ne ya ba da gudummawa, wanda ya haɓaka tunanin ɗan adam cewa hulɗar tsirrai da ganyayyaki suna tsara tarihin juyin halitta na jinsuna a matsayin injin don tsara bambancin.
Aikin wani bangare ne na bincike mafi girma wanda shine neman asalin halittu masu rai, da Ehrlich sun kafa wuraren gwaji, tare da tantance cewa akwai alamu a cikin yawan jama'a da tsarin kwayoyin halitta, da kuma abubuwan da ke daidaita su.
Sharuɗɗa
Sharuɗɗan farko don tsarin jujjuyawar da zai faru bisa ƙa'ida sune huɗu:
- Dabbobi biyu dole ne su nuna bambanci a cikin wasu halaye waɗanda ke tasiri yadda ma'amala tsakaninsu ke tasowa;
- Dole ne a dangantaka mai daidaituwa tsakanin wadancan haruffa da isassun;
- Waɗannan haruffan dole ne gado;
- Dole ne hulɗar tsakanin jinsunan biyu ta kasance m, daga high musamman kuma aka samar lokaci guda a lokacin juyin halitta.
Duba kuma: Misalan Zaɓin Halitta
Kammalawa
Akwai lokutan da coevolution ke bayyana kanta ta hanyoyi masu ban mamaki, kamar daidaita yanayin halittu tsakanin nau'ikan daban -daban, sauye -sauyen jiki waɗanda ake amfani da su kawai don cika wasu ayyuka na wani nau'in.
Tsarin juyin halitta sai ya zama aikin da aka yi wa dawafi zuwa lokaci da sarari, da tambayar juyin halitta a matsayin rayuwa yanzu ana fahimtar sa a cikin al'umma kuma dangane da sauran nau'in, gabaɗaya ya dogara da hanyoyin kariya.
Hanyoyin da coevolution ke faruwa yana haifar da rarrabuwa zuwa nau'ikan daban -daban:
- Yadawa: Juyin Halitta yana faruwa ne don mayar da martani ga halin wasu nau'o'in jinsuna, kuma ba guda ɗaya ba. Babu wata dangantaka ta kwayoyin halitta.
- Haɗin kai: Hulɗa tsakanin jinsunan yana haifar da ƙwaƙƙwaran ra'ayi, wanda ɗayan yana sarrafa motsi na gametes na ɗayan.
- Gene ta hanyar gene: Juyin juyi yana haifar da canje -canje a cikin manyan kwayoyin halitta, kuma ga kowane wanda ke haifar da juriya akwai wani mai kama da cutar.
- Mixed tsari: Juyin halitta juzu'i ne, kuma daidaitawa yana haifar da keɓewar yawan sauran nau'in.
- Mosaic na ƙasa: Hulɗa tana da sakamako daban -daban dangane da tsarin alƙaluma na yawan jama'a, don haka hulɗar na iya haɗawa cikin wasu alumma ba a cikin wasu ba. Tsarin juyin halitta na iya haifar da wani nau'in ya haɗa kai da yawa lokaci guda.
Yana iya ba ku: Misalan Symbiosis
Misalan hanyoyin juzu'i
- The matukin kifi ana kare shi daga shark, yayin tsaftace hakoransu, baki da idanunsu.
- Nau'in tsirrai na acacia daga Amurka ta Tsakiya, tare da ramukan ramuka da ramuka a gindin ganyensa wanda ke ɓoye ɓarna, inda wasu tururuwa ke shan ruwan.
- The hummingbirds na Amurka wanda ya haɗu tare da dangin tsire -tsire kamar na na orchids.
- The jemage Dogon hancin Meziko yana ciyar da tsirrai na cactus na saguaro, yana canza yanayin halittar sa bisa ga shi.
- Ganyen halittar Passiflora yana haifar da garkuwar garkuwar jiki tare da samar da guba, wanda shine dabarar nasara akan yawancin kwari. Wasu daga cikinsu sun girme shi, kuma guba tana sa su zama marasa daɗi ga masu farauta, don haka suke tunkuɗe su.
- A sake zagayowar tsakanin hares Amurkawa da bishiyoyi, inda dabbobin ke buƙatar ciyar da su don kada su yi yunwa, amma suna samar da ɗimbin yawa na resin a hankali: yawan kurege yana raguwa kuma sake zagayowar ya sake farawa.
- The asu tattara pollen daga a fure, sannan ya adana shi yana tabbatar da abinci ga tsutsa: shuka yana fa'ida lokacin da sauran kwayoyin halittar suka canza zuwa tsaba.
- Tsarin farauta tsakanin Cheetah da kuma impala Ya sa wani irin gasa ya gudana tsakanin su biyun, yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri bisa ga juyin halitta.
- The orchid mantis Kwari ne da yayi kama da furen don kare kansa daga masu cin naman sa.
- The malam buɗe ido nymphalid viceroy ya haɗu tare da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, tunda suna kore tsuntsaye saboda suna da guba: kwaikwayon yana ba da tsaro ga malam buɗe ido.
- Misalan Symbiosis
- Misalan Daidaitawa a Abubuwan Rayuwa
- Misalan Zaɓin Halitta
- Misalan Zaɓin Artificial
