Dabbobi masu zafi da sanyi

Wadatacce

• Misalan dabbobi masu ɗumi-ɗumi
• Misalan dabbobi masu sanyi

Nazarin ilimin thermo-physiology ya sami damar tantance cewa babu ƙungiyoyi guda biyu kawai (dabbobi masu jinin jini da dabbobi masu ɗumi-ɗumi) waɗanda duka ra'ayoyin biyu ba a amfani da su.

Koyaya, an yi amfani da bambance -bambancen duka kuma ana ci gaba da amfani da su fiye da kima, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa bayaninsu ba shi da mahimmanci.

Thedabbobin jini masu ɗumi Waɗannan su ne waɗanda za su iya kula da yanayin zafin jiki na ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa ba tare da la’akari da bambancin yanayin yanayi ba. Yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa suna kula da zafin jiki na ciki tsakanin 34º da 38º.

Suna iya samun ɗan bambanci a cikin zafin jikinsu, amma wannan gaba ɗaya kaɗan ne. A takaice dai, an ce waɗannan dabbobin suna da thermal homeostasis. Dabbobi masu ɗumi-ɗumi kuma ana kiransu endotherms.

Misalan dabbobi masu ɗumi-ɗumi

Nau'in thermoregulation

Dabbobi masu ɗumi-ɗumi suna da fannoni daban-daban na thermoregulation:

• Mahaifiya. Wasu dabbobi masu ɗumi-ɗumi suna da ikon samar da zafin ciki a jikinsu. ana lura da bayyanar iri ɗaya bayan girgiza, huci ko ƙona mai.
• Mahaifiyar gida. A baya an san wannan yanayin da dabbobi masu ɗumi-ɗumi, ko da yake yana ɗaya daga cikin fannoni uku da irin wannan dabbar za ta iya gabatarwa. Hali ne na kula da zafin jiki na yau da kullun kuma sama da zafin yanayi.
• Tachymetabolism. Waɗannan dabbobin suna kula da ƙimar metabolism sosai a lokacin hutu.A takaice dai, dabbobi ne da ke kula da zafin jiki bayan sun huta tunda, ta wannan hanya, suna kiyaye zafin jikinsu.

Kodayake yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye, kasancewar dabbobi masu ɗumi-ɗumi, suna nuna dukkan halaye uku na thermoregulation, a wasu lokuta an gano cewa ba za su iya nuna duka ukun ba. Don haka, game da jemagu ko wasu ƙananan tsuntsaye, suna iya samun halaye biyu daga cikin uku. Duk da haka, har yanzu ana kiransu dabbobi masu ɗumi-ɗumi.

Kodayake a halin yanzu ba a yin amfani da kalmar a yanayin kimiyya tun lokacin da ake amfani da dabbobin ectothermic, wannan rarrabuwa tana nufin waɗancan dabbobin da ke daidaita zafin jikinsu dangane da yanayin muhalli.

Gabaɗaya, dabbobi masu jin sanyi suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin zafi sosai kuma ba a yawan ganin su a yanayin sanyi. Duk da haka, ana iya samun banbanci.

Misalan dabbobi masu sanyi

Nau'in thermoregulation

• Ectothermy. Duk dabbobin da ke da jini mai sanyi ana iya ɗaukar su dabbobin ectothermic tunda suna daidaita yanayin jikin su dangane da yanayin muhalli.
• Poikilothermia. Dabbobi ne da ke daidaita yanayin jikinsu ta hanyar daidaita shi da na muhallin su.
• Bradymetabolism. Dabbobi ne da ke canza saurin haɓaka su don daidaita yanayin jikinsu dangane da abincin da ake da shi da kuma yanayin yanayi.

Kamar dabbobin da ke da ɗumi-ɗumi, ba duk dabbobin da ke da sanyi suna da dukkan halaye uku na thermoregulation ba.

Menene dabbobin ovoviviparous?

Bayan sanya dabbobi biyu, daya mai jini-sanyi dayar kuma mai ɗumi-ɗumi, a ƙarƙashin hasken infrared, dabba mai ɗumi-ɗumi ya bayyana yana fitar da hasken kansa, wato zafin kansa. Sabanin haka, dabba mai sanyin jini ya kasance duhu a launi.

A saboda wannan dalili, dabbobin da ke da sanyi suna buƙatar zama a wurare masu ɗumi da ɗumi jikinsu ta hanyar faɗuwar rana ko amfani da wasu hanyoyin waje don ɗaga zafin jiki.