Duk wani mai rai yana bukatar abinci, wato isowar gawayi da sauran muhimman abubuwa don junansu. Dangane da yadda ake samun wadannan abubuwan, ana rarrabe kwayoyin halitta a tsakanin su autotrophs da heterotrophs.
The autotrophs sune waɗanda ke iya fitar da carbon daga ɗanyen yanayi kuma su canza shi zuwa makamashi, yayin da heterotrophs Su ne waɗanda ba za su iya samar da abincin nasu ba don haka dole ne su same shi ta hanyar cinye wasu kayan, wanda a wasu lokuta iri ɗaya ne da na autotrophs.
The autotrophic kwayoyin Su ne wadanda ke iya haɓaka kwayoyin halitta fara daga kwayoyin halitta. Suna iyawa hada abubuwan da suke buƙata don ingantaccen aikinsu na rayuwa ta hanyar abubuwan da ba na halitta ba. Kwayoyin da ke sarrafa kansu sun zama babbar hanyar haɗi a cikin sarkar abinci, tunda narkewar su yana ba da damar ci gaban su da na sauran rayayyun halittu: da ba don su ba, da ba a yi tunanin rayuwa ba kamar yadda aka sani a zahiri.
Yana da kyau a yi ƙoƙarin yin tunani game da yadda ciyarwar kwayoyin halitta ke faruwa a zahiri. Akwai rarrabuwa tsakanin waɗanda ke chemoautotrophs da photoautotrophs:
- The chemoautotrophs suna iya girma a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na ma'adinai a cikin duhu, yayin da suke samun carbon daga halayen sunadarai tare da carbon dioxide. Wannan hanyar rayuwa tana wanzu ne kawai a cikin prokaryotes.
- The photoautotrophs sun fi yawa, kuma suna samun abincinsu daga makamashin hasken rana. An san tsarin a matsayin photosynthesis, wanda shine tsarin yin abinci ta sassan shuka. Shuke -shuke da ke da chlorophyll ana gane su don suna da launin kore a cikin ganyen su, kuma wannan shine abin da ke ɗaukar hasken rana, yana sarrafa canza madaidaicin ruwa zuwa sarrafawa, daidai abin da ya zama abincin shuka. Ya bambanta, tsarin photosynthesis yana sa shuka ya saki iskar oxygen. The calvin cycle Shi ne wanda ke bayanin abin da ke faruwa yayin photosynthesis.
- Cactus
- Ganye
- Goge
- Makiyaya
- Shrubbery
- Bishiyoyi
- Tsire -tsire
- furanni
- Nopales
- Maguey
The kwayoyin heterotrophic, a nasu ɓangaren, su ne waɗanda dole ne su ci abinci tare da abubuwan halitta waɗanda wasu ƙwayoyin ke haɗawa, ko autotrophs ko heterotrophs.
Abubuwan abinci masu gina jiki waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin yanayin heterotrophs abubuwa ne masu wadataccen kwayoyin halitta (lipids, protein ko carbohydrates). Duk da dabbobi na cikin rukunin heterotrophs, amma kuma kwayoyin cuta suna cikin wannan rukunin.
Wasu kwayoyin halittu galibi suna kuskure yayin da tsire -tsire ainihin heterotrophs ne, kamar yadda lamarin yake da fungi: ba su da chlorophyll, sabili da haka ba za su iya haɓaka abincin su daga makamashin haske ba.
Tsarin da ke ƙayyade ciyarwar sel a cikin yanayin heterotrophs ya haɗa da kamawa, cin abinci, narkewa, wucewar membrane da fitar da kwayoyin da ba su da amfani (excretion).
- Tigers
- Giwaye
- Namomin kaza
- Beraye
- Buffalos
- Marmots
- Mutane
- Kaza
- Wasu kwayoyin cuta
- Protozoa
